Published on December 2025 | Medical jurisprudence, surgical negligence, hospital liability, medical ethics, health law, biomedical waste management
The article explores the evolution of medicine and surgery within regulatory and institutional frameworks, integrating historical foundations from ancient Indian medical texts such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita with contemporary medico-legal challenges. It critically analyzes health economics, health insurance, medical sociology, doctor–patient relationships, hospital administration, and institutional accountability. Technological advancements including electronic medical records, artificial intelligence, robotics, and virtual reality are examined for their evidentiary and regulatory implications. Core surgical domains—such as sepsis, nosocomial infections, trauma care, disaster management, organ transplantation, and critical care—are discussed in relation to negligence, standard of care, and liability. The study also evaluates biomedical waste management, infection control, research ethics, informed consent, and clinical trials from statutory and criminal law perspectives. The article argues that modern healthcare institutions must be understood as legally accountable organizations where failures in ethics, documentation, systems, or training may attract civil, criminal, and regulatory consequences. By integrating medical science with legal analysis, the paper provides a holistic framework for healthcare governance in contemporary India.
Premium Open Access Scientific Research Articles and Researchers Hub.
